I am referring to the terms like "ghost", "stand alone complex", "the laughing man" etc.I am referring to the terms like "ghost", "stand alone complex", "the laughing man""yrberbrain closed shell syndrome", "ghost hack", etc

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Ghost in the Shell (Japanese: 攻殻機動隊, K�kaku Kid�tai, i.e. Mobile Armored Riot Police), is a Japanese cyberpunk manga created by Masamune Shirow. A sequel, Ghost in the Shell 2: Man/Machine Interface, was released in 2002.Ghost in the Shell is a futuristic police thriller dealing with the exploits of Motoko Kusanagi, a member of the covert operations section of the Japanese National Public Safety Commission, Section 9, which specializes in fighting technology-related crime. She may be named after one of the three Imperial Regalia of Japan and Shirow makes reference to them at the end of the second manga. Although supposedly equal to all other members, Kusanagi fills the leadership role in the team, and is usually referred to as "the Major" due to her past rank in the armed forces. She is capable of superhuman feats, and cybernetically specialized for her job—her body is almost completely mechanized; only her brain and a segment of her spinal cord are organic. Thus the term "ghost in the shell".The series receives its subtitle from a theoretical mental complex attributed to the adaptation of cybernetics into the mass public. In the story, 'stand alone complex' is said to describe copies with no original and is portrayed by copycat crimes with no original criminal or, in other words, an imaginary criminal. It also refers to the structure of each first season episode: each episode can be viewed independently of each other, and there is little catch-up (if at all) given in each episode to keep the viewer up to date (unlike many anime series). The individual episodes are discreetly marked either "stand alone" or "complex" in the title screen. The "complex" episodes are more closely entwined with this encompassing plot, and the "stand alone" less so.Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex follows an alternate and separate storyline from that of Mamoru Oshii's theatrical film adaptations. The TV series expounds further on the careers of Motoko Kusanagi and Section 9, and also retains more elements from Masamune Shirow's original manga than Oshii's feature films.Literary references within the series include Flowers for Algernon, the Nine Stories, especially "The Laughing Man" written by J. D. Salinger, and The Catcher in the Rye, also authored by Salinger.Of the many futuristic technologies, the cyberbrain or neural computer augmentation technology is discussed and convincingly portrayed. This is the implantation of powerful computers directly into the brain, greatly increasing certain mental capacities such as memory. Coupled with ubiquitous access to the informational net, this is shown as a fundamental technology integral to the future Japanese society. Applications include wireless communication just by "thinking" it, massive informational recall capabilities, and digitization of printed media and the encryption thereof. The series is notable for portraying a comprehensive and believable user interface to this technology. At the same time, drawbacks are revealed in the form of "Closed Shell Syndrome" or cyberbrain autism and "Cyberbrain Sclerosis". This technology is in many ways the crux of the series.Closed Shell Syndrome is a form of cyberbrain-induced autism (not to be confused with the "Autistic Mode" used by the cyberbrains of soldiers, which merely fully shuts down their networking functions). It occurs when users who are too compatible with cyberbrain technology eventually shut themselves off from the outside world to avoid harming others or themselves by forcibly accessing their cyberbrains. CSS patients tend to be savants with extremely high computer skills, and are often used to build and deconstruct network barriers.Cyberbrain sclerosis results in progressive hardening of brain tissues. The disease is characterized by hardening of the brain tissues precipitated by the cyberization process. As, officially, no cure exists, cyberbrain sclerosis is always fatal. Although the odds of symptoms manifesting are exceedingly low, anyone that has a cyberbrain (which in the fictional world of Ghost in the Shell are as ubiquitous as cellular phones are in reality) is potentially at risk.

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Ghost is the version of a human that is left or imparted in a robot if I remember correctly. Stand Alone can refer to episodes that have plots related only to that episode and not the overall show. The Laughing man is the alias of a "person" that commited a crime that nobody caught but the Major and Complany are looking for. Hope that helps.

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